Efficient extraction approach based on polydimethylsiloxane/ZIF-derived carbons sponge followed by GC–MS for the determination of volatile compounds in cumin

Abstract

A sensitive, fast and simple approach based on polydimethylsiloxane/ZIF-derived carbons (PDMS/ZIF-C) sponge solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was successfully developed to determine the volatile compounds in cumin. The PDMS/ZIF-C exhibits outstanding properties with high adsorption capacity and good reusability, and has shown its potentiality as an ideal adsorbent for extraction of volatile compounds. The effects of the experimental parameters were investigated. Excellent analytical performances were achieved, including wide linearity (10–920 μg mL−1) with high correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9989), satisfactory precision (RSDs ≤ 4.93 %), low limits of detection (1.20–2.65 ng μL−1) and quantification (3.40–6.01 ng μL−1). The optimal method was applied for analysis the volatile compounds in 17 cumin samples from four origins in Xinjiang, and 43 compounds were identified. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to establish the relationship between the origins and the volatile compounds. The method was effectively applied to determine the complex and trace volatile compounds in spices.