Abstract
The concept of device-to-device (D2D) communication, combining common radio frequency (RF) and visible light communication (VLC), is seen as a feasible way how to cope with spectrum crunch in the RF domain and how to maximize spectral efficiency in general. In this paper, our objective is to decide when RF should be utilized or if VLC proves to be the more profitable option. The selection between RF and VLC is defined as a multi-objective optimization problem targeting primarily to minimize the outage ratio while the secondary objective is to maximize the sum capacity of D2D pairs, composed by D2D transmitters and D2D receivers. To solve this problem, we design a centralized low-complexity heuristic algorithm selecting either RF or VLC band for each D2D pair relying on the mutual interference among the pairs. For interpretation of the mutual interference among the D2D pairs, we exploit directed weighted graphs adopted from the graph theory. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of the outage ratio, sum capacity and average energy efficiency. What is more, despite a very low complexity, the proposed algorithm reaches a close-to-optimum performance provided by the exhaustive search algorithm.
Highlights
The device-to-device (D2D) communication represents a very alluring technology due to its promise in delivering exceptionally high data rates and its potential to significantly decrease the energy consumption of contemporary mobile networks [1]
The D2D pairs using in-band communication suffer from high interference either from other D2D pairs or from conventional cellular users exploiting the same radio frequency (RF) resources
In order to select the suitable communication band (RF or visible light communication (VLC)) for every i-th D2D pair, we introduce two interference-based metrics from G as follows: 1) the sum of interference caused by the i-th DUET to all other D2D pairs; and 2) the sum of interference received at the i-th DUER from all other D2D pairs
Summary
The device-to-device (D2D) communication represents a very alluring technology due to its promise in delivering exceptionally high data rates and its potential to significantly decrease the energy consumption of contemporary mobile networks [1]. This paper describes the proposed solution in more details and shows new results by evaluating the proposed algorithm in a wider scope and from several additional perspectives related to specific aspects of VLC (e.g., an impact of radiance and irradiance angles) and to the energy efficiency of the whole system, which plays a prominent role in future mobile networks. To this end, the contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:. The last section concludes the paper and further discusses future research direction
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