Abstract
Tungsten oxide (WO3) films were prepared on indium–tin oxide (ITO) glass by sol–gel method. The influence of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, optical, electrochemical, and electrochromic properties has been investigated. The film annealed at 250 °C with an amorphous structure exhibits a noticeable electrochromic performance, such as the highest optical modulation of 58.5 % at 550 nm, high electrochemical stability, and excellent reversibility (Q b/Q c = 96.3 %). An electrochromic (EC) device based on WO3/NiO complementary structure shows improved performance. It exhibits high optical transmittance modulation of 62 % at 550 nm, excellent cycling stability, and relatively fast electrochromic response time (10 s for coloration and 19 s for bleaching).
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