Efficient distal tip size of primary guidewire for antegrade percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic total occlusion: The G-FORCE study

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough several new techniques have been introduced for CTO such as the retrograde approach, the fundamental question of what type of guidewire is the most appropriate as a primary guidewire in the antegrade approach has not been answered. MethodsThe G-FORCE study was designed as a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial to determine the efficient primary guidewire in antegrade approach for chronic total occlusion (CTO). The first guidewire was randomly assigned to a regular size distal tip group (0.014in. size) or tapered tip group (0.010in. or less). The primary endpoint was defined as successful lesion penetration by the first guidewire into distal true lumen. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT00987610. ResultsA total of 260 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 66±11years and 16% were female. The average J-CTO score was 1.8±1.1. The primary endpoint was achieved in 38% and 32% of patients using tapered and regular distal tip guidewires, respectively (P=0.80). The final PCI success rate was 81% vs. 85%, respectively (P=0.57). Easy CTO lesions with a J-CTO score=0 exhibited a primary endpoint significantly different between tapered and regular distal tip primary guidewires (79% vs. 40%; P=0.046). Guidewire distal coating or distal tip load did not relate with primary guidewire success rate. ConclusionTapered and regular distal tip guidewires are equivalent as a first choice for CTO. Tapered guidewires are superior for CTO lesions with a J-CTO score=0.