Efficient degradation of Rhodamine B in water by CoFe2O4/H2O2 and CoFe2O4/PMS systems: A comparative study

Abstract

In this work, a comparative study of efficient degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in CoFe2O4/H2O2 and CoFe2O4/PMS systems was performed. Batch experiments indicated that the RhB degradation rate of CoFe2O4/H2O2 system reached 95.5% at 90 min under the condition of 0.5 g L−1 of CoFe2O4 dosage, 10 mM of H2O2 concentration and 3.0 of initial pH. At certain conditions of initial pH = 7.0, 0.3 g L−1 of CoFe2O4 dosage, 7 mM of PMS concentration, CoFe2O4/PMS system could completely degrade RhB within 90 min. EPR and quenching experiments indicated that •OH was the main active species of CoFe2O4/H2O2 system, and •OH, SO4•-, •O2− and 1O2 participated in RhB degradation of CoFe2O4/PMS system. The circulate of Co(II)/Co(III) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) on the CoFe2O4 surface promoted the formation of free radical species in the two system. In CoFe2O4/PMS system, the formed •O2− and SO5•- realized the generation of non-free radical species (1O2). The LC-MS results indicated that N-de-ethylation, chromophore cleavage, opening rings and mineralization were the main steps for the RhB degradation of the two systems. After five cycles of degradation experiment, the CoFe2O4/H2O2 and CoFe2O4/PMS systems still maintained the high degradation rate (85.2% and 92.4%) and low mass loss (2.7% and 3.09%). In addition, CoFe2O4/PMS system had better potential value for the actual water and multi-pollutant degradation than CoFe2O4/H2O2 system. Finally, the toxicity analysis and cost assessment of the two oxidation systems were preliminarily evaluated.