Abstract
Nano-metamaterials designed to operate at a certain resonance frequency enhance the magnitude of terahertz (THz) wave transmission by three orders of magnitude or even more. In this pursuit, controlling magnitude of resonant transmission and tuning the resonance frequency is increasingly important for application in low power THz electronics and devices. THz optical properties of chemically doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) have been studied, however its effect on the THz transmission properties in combination with nano-metamaterials have not yet been demonstrated. Here we demonstrate the efficient control over resonant THz transmission and tuning of resonance frequency of different nano-metamaterials using PEDOT:PSS, without any toxic chemical doping. By ease of simple solution processing with single step and drop-casting 10 μL aqueous solution of PEDOT:PSS on different nano-metamaterials with varied concentrations, we were able to dynamically control the THz transmission along with resonance frequency. This dynamic control of transmission and shift in resonance frequency can be attributed to improved conductivity of PEDOT:PSS and its interaction with strongly localized THz field of the metamaterial.
Highlights
Functional terahertz (THz) devices have recently gained renown interest due to their wide range of applications in modulators, electro-optic devices, filters, wireless communication, THz spectroscopy & imaging, biomedical applications etc[1,2,3,4,5,6]
Inset in figure 1(b) represents scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of coated PEDOT: PSS film and was found to be uniform over the coated area. These results imply the single step and effective control of THz transmission by changing the PEDOT:PSS concentration compared to 2D materials introduced earlier[31,32], which have been used to study the shielding effect and require multistep synthesis process
With increase in the concentration, the aggregation of the PEDOT and PSS particles increases which leads to the increased conductivity, which in turn leads to the reduced THz transmission[20]
Summary
Functional terahertz (THz) devices have recently gained renown interest due to their wide range of applications in modulators, electro-optic devices, filters, wireless communication, THz spectroscopy & imaging, biomedical applications etc[1,2,3,4,5,6]. The conductivity properties of PEDOT:PSS could be tuned by chemical doping and has been studied using THz spectroscopy[20,23]. We report on control of THz transmission and tuning of resonance frequency using PEDOT:PSS with nano-metamaterial structures without any toxic chemical doping. Different weight percentage (wt%) of aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution was drop casted over the antenna arrays forming a thin film. These PEDOT:PSS film coated resonant antenna arrays were utilized for THz transmission measurements. We show that by ease of fabrication and single step solution processing of PEDOT:PSS, we can dynamically control the resonant THz transmission through nano-metamaterial and tune its resonance frequency
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