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Abstract
Cladding waveguides have been produced in Nd:YVO4 crystals by using femtosecond laser inscription. Such structures are fabricated with circular cross sections and diameters of ~100-120 μm, supporting multi-mode guidance in the two orthogonal polarizations. At room temperature continuous wave laser oscillations at wavelength of ~1064 nm have been realized through the optical pump at 808 nm with slope efficiency as high as 65% and a maximum output power of 335 mW.
Highlights
As one of the most excellent gain media for solid state lasers, the neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) has attracted much attention owing to its outstanding features [1]
Cladding waveguides have been produced in Nd:YVO4 crystals by using femtosecond laser inscription
Such structures are fabricated with circular cross sections and diameters of ~100-120 μm, supporting multimode guidance in the two orthogonal polarizations
Summary
As one of the most excellent gain media for solid state lasers, the neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) has attracted much attention owing to its outstanding features (e.g., high emission cross section, broad absorption bands, good mechanical and thermal properties) [1]. The fslasers could be utilized to inscribe an alternative guiding structure, i.e., the cladding waveguides, which was firstly proposed by Okhrimchuk et al [25] In this configuration, the waveguide core is surrounded by a number of fs-laser inscribed tracks with the refractive index lower than the unmodified material, and these tracks could be combined to produce any desired boundaries. The larger diameters of cladding waveguides may result in more pump light power coupled into the guided region, and bring out the increment of the maximum output powers of the waveguide lasers Up to now, such cladding structures with circular/elliptic cross sections have been fabricated in a few cubic laser crystals, such as Nd:YAG crystal [8,26] and Cr:YAG crystal [27]. We have fabricated the fslaser inscribed nonlinear cladding waveguides in BiB3O6 [28] and KTiOPO4 [29] crystals, which have exhibited superior performances for birefringent second harmonic generations
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