Abstract
Throughput performance is a critical issue in blockchain technology, especially in blockchain sharding systems. Although sharding proposals can improve transaction throughput by parallel processing, the essence of each shard is still a small blockchain. Using serial execution of smart contract transactions, performance has not significantly improved, and there is still room for improvement. A smart contract concurrent execution strategy based on concurrency degree optimization is proposed for performance optimization within a single shard. This strategy is applied to each shard. First, it characterizes the conflicting contract feature information by executing a smart contract, analyzing the factors that affect the concurrent execution of the smart contracts, and clustering the contract transaction. Second, in shards with high transaction frequency, considering the execution time, conflict rate, and available resources of contract transactions, finding a serializable schedule of contract transactions by redundant computation and a Variable Shadow Speculative Concurrency Control (SCC-VS) algorithm for smart contract scheduling is proposed. Finally, experimental results show that the strategy increases the concurrency of smart contract execution by 39% on average and the transaction throughput of the whole system by 21% on average.
Highlights
Blockchain technology can be described as a distributed append-only ledger over a large peer-to-peer (P2P) network and has demonstrated great promise for utility in several fields including the Internet of ings (IoT), financial assets, the sharing economy, and copyright maintenance [1,2,3]
If the address within one shard has a high transaction frequency, the shard will generate a large amount of transaction information, which will lead to increased data conflicts while causing shard congestion [13]
We summarize the contributions of this paper as follows: (1) We propose a feature information collection technology for smart contract (SC). is method makes full use of the information resources of SC, records real-time statistics of the SC feature information that conflicts occur in the TSM-Module, and collects the feature information as the important reference factor to resolve the SC conflict
Summary
Blockchain technology can be described as a distributed append-only ledger over a large peer-to-peer (P2P) network and has demonstrated great promise for utility in several fields including the Internet of ings (IoT), financial assets, the sharing economy, and copyright maintenance [1,2,3]. To implement concurrent execution of the optimized processed transaction set, we propose a Variable Shadow Speculative. Concurrency Control (SCC-VS) algorithm, which comprehensively considers the SC execution time Et, conflict rate Cr, and available resources R, relying on redundant computation to find a serializable scheduling, which effectively solves the performance degradation problem caused by the increased number of SCTs. We summarize the contributions of this paper as follows:. We obtain three sets: Set_δ, Set_λ, and Set_μ (Set_δ, Set_λ, and Set_μ are obtained by the Concurrency Degree Optimization Processing Module, and the priority of execution in the Transaction Scheduling Management Module is from high to low). (4) We implement the prototypes of the Concurrency Degree Optimization Processing Module (CDO-Module) and the Transaction Scheduling Management Module (TSM-Module) and apply them to the test environment.
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