Abstract
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), environmental event monitoring and tracking systems require efficient routing protocols in order to offer reliable controlling of data traffic. This could help in an efficient utilisation of knowledge obtained from data to provide proper decision under abnormal environment conditions. The efficiency and reliability are the main challenges of routing data in WSNs. LEACH routing protocol is found to provide better performance compared to other protocols due to its hierarchical nature. However, since LEACH is a single-hop protocol, sensors located far from the base station (BS) consume more energy for data transmission and die early, causing a serious reduction in the network performance in terms of lifetime. Moreover, it cannot ensure that sensors have a uniform distribution in the sensing area. In this paper, an improved version of LEACH is presented based on node energy, distance, density, and the use of gravity centre and mass centre for selecting cluster heads (CHs). Simulation results show that the enhanced version is able to improve the network lifetime in comparison with the traditional LEACH protocol. The results confirmed that the proposed enhancement provides a proper decision in selecting CHs in high density areas.
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