Efficient Breeding in Kazakhstan Alatau Cattle Breed Population

Abstract

The research work aims to analyze the dynamics of the level of breeding work in the Kazakhstan Alatau cattle breed population. The research object was Alatau cattle breed from different farms of the Almaty region, differing in their breeding level and system for dairy cattle breeding. As of 01.01.2021, the population of cows of the Alatau breed in the studied farms amounted to 1578 animals, of which the largest livestock in the Khilnichenko and K farm is 612 or 41.1%, the smallest in Mezhdurechensk-Agro LLP - 58 animals or 3.7%. The average milk yield per cow of the Alatau breed for the last completed lactation for 305 days in 2020 was 5472±100.4, in comparison with 2018 (4472±151.9) increased by 22.4%. Linear assessment of the constitutional type of the Alatau first-calf heifers in the context of farms indicates a small variation in traits between the studied farms and those close to the optimal scores of the desired type of first-calf heifers of the Alatau breed. Thus, the animals were characterized by moderate height (at an average level of 139-142 cm), average girth and depth of the body, wide chest, moderate hip inclination and hip width. In terms of limbs, the animals were also characterized by moderate stance close to the desired type. As for udder - close to the bath-shaped, with a high deep udder and correct positioning of the rear and front teats. The research results showed that the greatest interrelation was observed for the traits Central ligament (r = +0.36) and "Joining of the front udder lobes" (r = +0.31), which indicates a moderate and positive relation, the least interrelation was in the trait "Udder rear part height" (r = +0.11). Thus, for all the observed traits, a weak, moderate and positive relationship was observed, which indicates the conduct of selection and the improvement of these traits in the offspring when selecting parental pairs.