Abstract
In this article, a novel scheme is proposed for switching among multiple bitrate video streams over Internet, to achieve best quality of service (QoS). The research is focused on selecting the best switching points inside the pre-coded variable bit rate video streams, to facilitate bandwidth scalability among the non-scalable multiple bitstreams. With a stepwise monotonically decreasing (downstairs) bandwidth reservation scheme, it is shown that if switching occurs at the transition points in the downstairs, then the best QoS can be achieved. However, insertion of switching pictures at these transition points may change the characteristics of the downstairs function and hence the bandwidth requirement. Here, we propose a scheme for proper management of the allocated resources to facilitate the stream switching in the downstairs through SP-frames. The performance is measured in terms of the wastage of bits in the receiver buffer and bandwidth utilization at the switching instances.
Highlights
In video streaming applications, such as video-ondemand, archived video news, and non-interactive distance learning, video sequences are generally encoded offline and stored in a server [1]
Preliminary concepts for streaming using “downstairs” we review the concept of monotonically decreasing rate scheduler (i.e., “downstairs”), switching frames, and some fundamental parameters used to evaluate the quality of service (QoS) in video streaming that are necessary to follow the rest of the article
Effect due to the primary SP-frames First we look at the effect of the SP-frames inserted at the transition points of the “downstairs” function of the bitstream with the I,P,P,P... coding pattern
Summary
In video streaming applications, such as video-ondemand, archived video news, and non-interactive distance learning, video sequences are generally encoded offline and stored in a server [1]. To utilize the available bandwidth and to reduce the wastage of bits, this article combines the concept of switching frames introduced in H.264/AVC with the rate allocation algorithm “downstairs” for drift-free switching among multiple bitrate video streams over the Internet, to achieve best QoS. 2.1 Review of monotonically decreasing rate scheduler (downstairs) The basic philosophy of the “downstairs” reservation scheme is that certain characteristics of a pre-coded VBR video can be exploited for efficient network resource allocation, e.g., to reduce the required bandwidth, some form of bit rate smoothing can be done [16]. From these figures, the following interesting and unique properties of the “downstairs” scheme can be observed.
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