Abstract
A palladium ceria–zirconia Pd0.05Ce0.5Zr0.475O2 catalytic based nanomaterial was produced by co-precipitation method. To compare the effect of each atom, Pd0.1Ce1.45O3 and Pd0.1Zr1.45O3 were synthesized. Several techniques were used (TGA, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption (BET theory), XPS, SEM and TEM and HR-TEM microscopy) to characterize the samples. Pd0.05Ce0.5Zr0.475O2 exhibits the highest BET surface area, 117 m2/g compared to the two mentioned materials. According to XRD and XPS analysis, the oxidation state of palladium was +2 in this oxide. Compared to other materials, Pd0.05Ce0.5Zr0.475O2 was the most efficient catalyst for a wide range of aryl bromides and aryl boronic acids in aqueous media without the use of any ligand. Very good yields were achieved and could easily reach a value of 93% in the case of iodobromides. Pd0.05Ce0.5Zr0.475O2 showed also a good stability and could be easily separated and reused with high catalytic activity after three cycles. In addition, no leaching of Pd2+ was observed which confirmed the highly heterogeneous nature of our catalyst.
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