Efficient and secure dynamic quantum secret sharing protocol based on bell states

Abstract

This study proposes a dynamic quantum secret sharing (DQSS) protocol based on the measurement property of Bell states and the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state. In the existing DQSS protocols, the dealer requires the revoked agent to resend the shadow of the secret key and check the correctness of the shadow key. However, in the proposed DQSS protocol, the agents do not need to generate photons or perform any local unitary operation that can obtain the shadow of the secret key by performing an X-basis measurement on single photons. The proposed DQSS protocol is more efficient and practical than the existing DQSS protocols, because it only generates two-particle quantum entanglements, which are simpler than multi-particle quantum entanglements. Moreover, in the proposed DQSS protocol, if an agent needs to be revoked from the system, the dealer only needs to perform the GHZ measurement on the sequences of the remaining agents. Further, the proposed DQSS protocol is immune to eavesdropping, collusion, and dishonest revoked agent attacks.