Abstract
In body sensor networks, both wearable and implantable biosensors are deployed in a patient body to monitor and collect patient health record information. The health record information is then transmitted toward the medical server via a base station for analysis, diagnosis, and treatment by medical experts. Advancement in wireless technology although improves the patient health–monitoring mechanism, but still there are some limitations regarding security, privacy, and efficiency due to open wireless channel and limited resources of body sensor networks. To overcome these limitations, we have proposed an efficient and secure heterogeneous scheme for body sensor networks, in which biosensor nodes use a certificate-less cryptography environment to resolve the key escrow and certificate-management problems, while MS uses a public key infrastructure environment to enhance the scalability of the networks. Furthermore, we design an online/offline signcryption method to overcome the burden on biosensor nodes. We split the signcryption process into two phases: offline phase and online phase. In the offline phase, the major operations are computed without prior knowledge of patient data. While in online phase, the minor operations are computed when patient data are known. Besides, we have used a new hybrid blockchain technology approach for the secure transmission of patient information along with attributes stored in the medical server toward the cloud that provides ease of patient data access remotely from anywhere by the authorized users and data backup in case of medical server failure. Moreover, hybrid blockchain provides advantages of interoperability, transparency traceability, and universal access. The formal security analysis of the proposed scheme is proved in the standard model, and informal security assures that our scheme provides resistance against possible attacks. As compared to other existing schemes, our proposed scheme consumes fewer resources and efficient in terms of processing cost, transmission overhead, and energy consumption.
Highlights
Patient data stored on a server can be compromised, so the blockchain provides you the rights to control the access to the digital ledger and only the legitimate users can access the patient information, and no one can change the data of a block because the hash value of each block is stored in the block along with the current block hash value and time stamp (TS)
In our proposed heterogeneous scheme, we used the concept of time stamp (TS) among communication devices of two different environments in which biosensor nodes belong to certificate-less cryptography (CLC) environment, while medical server (MS) belongs to public key infrastructure (PKI) environment to ensure that the patient data received by the external users, that is, doctors, nurses, insurance companies, and government agencies, are fresh and protect Type-I and Type-II adversaries to launch replay attack
Body sensor networks (BSNs) face three major challenges which are security, privacy, and efficiency. To cope with these problems, in our proposed scheme, we have used a heterogeneous online/offline signcryption and CLC environment to overcome the computational burden on biosensor nodes, while PKI environment at the MS side to enhance the scalability of the networks
Summary
Body sensor networks (BSNs) are a special type of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) composed of tiny biosensor nodes deployed inside or outside a patient’s body to sense their physiological vital signs, that is, 1Department of Information Technology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Blockchain provides better security and privacy to the patient data stored in the blocks, and we can check the correctness of patient data using hash and proof of works (PoW) Both bitcoin and Ethereum are public blockchains that have been commonly implemented in practice.[3] In recent times, due to the distributed nature, along with the lack of a third-party, blockchain technologies have achieved a protuberant reputation in the electronic healthcare system.[4,5] We reviewed many relevant recent research results and determine that the security, privacy, and efficiency of smart health data have not been adequately addressed. The motivation regarding the use of hybrid blockchain technology in BSNs is that in the traditional system, the data of the patient are only stored on a single location such as the target hospital or the MS. Our scheme fulfills the security properties of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation as well as provides facilities that the communicating nodes can access the encoded messages by their attributes as an alternative of identities
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