Abstract
Complex physics and long computation time hinder the adoption of computer aided engineering models in the design of large-format battery cells and systems. A modular, efficient battery simulation model—the multiscale multidomain (MSMD) model—was previously introduced to aid the scale-up of Li-ion material & electrode designs to complete cell and pack designs, capturing electrochemical interplay with 3-D electronic current pathways and thermal response. This paper enhances the computational efficiency of the MSMD model using a separation of time-scales principle to decompose model field variables. The decomposition provides a quasi-explicit linkage between the multiple length-scale domains and thus reduces time-consuming nested iteration when solving model equations across multiple domains. In addition to particle-, electrode- and cell-length scales treated in the previous work, the present formulation extends to bus bar- and multi-cell module-length scales. Example simulations are provided for several variants of GH electrode-domain models.
Highlights
The U.S Department of Energy’s Computer Aided Engineering for Electric Drive Vehicle Battery (CAEBAT) program has supported development of modeling capabilities to help industries accelerate mass-market adoption of electric-drive vehicles and their batteries
The celldomain models (CDMs) of the multiscale multidomain (MSMD) solve single- or multi-cell battery response by resolving the collective behavior of paired plate electrode-domain batteries, considering polarization caused by nonuniform temperature and electric potential fields across cell volume
This paper presents a new approach for fast and accurate solution of the MSMD battery model
Summary
GH-formulation.—A mathematical model provides a relation between input and output of a system in context of its states and parameters. In the course of constructing the GH-MSMD quasi-explicit modular nonlinear multiscale model, these procedures are applied in all hierarchical levels of PDMs, EDMs, and CDMs. Note that the function G has a unit of resistance and the function H has a unit of potential. – sometimes associated with loss of accuracy – the H term, determined as H = φ − Gi, can capture the residual nonlinearity of the problem and no accuracy is lost This is similar to solving a nonlinear function using Newton’s method where the partial derivative of the function with respect the solution variable need not be exact. The single potential-pair continuum (SPPC) model treats the stratified cell composite as a homogeneous continuum with orthotropic transport properties, and it resolves temperature and a pair of current collector phase potentials in the volume of the continuum with distinct in-plane and transverse conductivities for heat diffusion and electrical current conduction.
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