Abstract
In a companion manuscript (Frolov et al 2014 New J. Phys. 16 art. no.) , we developed a novel optimization method for the placement, sizing, and operation of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices to relieve transmission network congestion. Specifically, we addressed FACTS that provide series compensation (SC) via modification of line inductance. In this sequel manuscript, this heuristic algorithm and its solutions are explored on a number of test cases: a 30-bus test network and a realistically-sized model of the Polish grid (∼2700 nodes and ∼3300 lines). The results from the 30-bus network are used to study the general properties of the solutions, including nonlocality and sparsity. The Polish grid is used to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the heuristics that leverage sequential linearization of power flow constraints, and cutting plane methods that take advantage of the sparse nature of the SC placement solutions. Using these approaches, we can use the algorithm to solve a Polish transmission grid in tens of seconds. We explore the utility of the algorithm by analyzing transmission networks congested by (i) uniform load growth, (ii) multiple overloaded configurations, and (iii) sequential generator retirements.
Highlights
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices can play several important roles in transmission networks including improving small-signal and transient stability [2], [3], improving voltage regulation [4], [5] and relieving transmission congestion [6]
Another consistent observation is the sparsity of the optimal Series Compensation (SC) placements, i.e. we find that very few susceptance modifications are needed to relieve one or a cluster of overloads
We demonstrate our algorithms on a much larger, realisticallysized transmission network in Section III, where we utilize the Polish grid (∼ 2700 buses, see Fig. 3) which is available in Matpower[13]
Summary
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices can play several important roles in transmission networks including improving small-signal and transient stability [2], [3], improving voltage regulation [4], [5] and relieving transmission congestion [6]. If the overload is too great or if the local network configuration does not allow an entirely non-local solution, the non-local approach is supplemented with the placement of SC devices directly on the overloaded line to reduce its susceptance. Another consistent observation is the sparsity of the optimal SC placements, i.e. we find that very few susceptance modifications are needed to relieve one or a cluster of overloads. We use this larger network to explore SC device placement for a range of causes of network stress including uniform load growth, relief of multiple configurations of congestion, and sequential generator retirement The remainder of this manuscript is organized as follows.
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