Abstract
Actuators and sensors are two types of important nodes in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs). Actuators consume a large amount of energy for driving themselves move, handling events, communicating with each other, and computation. Hence, the sensors and actuators all suffer from a serious energy-constrained problem in WSANs. Recently, many excellent energy recharging works are proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, the wireless energy delivery issue for WSANs is rarely addressed. In this paper, by deeply analyzing the characteristics of WSANs, we discuss the wireless mobile recharging issue for WSANs and present a novel actuator failure avoidance online charging scheme (AFAC). To prevent as many sensors failure as possible while ensuring no actuator failure, AFAC always tries to select the node that not only makes no actuator failure but also brings about the least number of nonfunctional sensors as the next target. Furthermore, since charging the actuators takes a long time, maximum charging threshold is set for actuators to prevent sensor nodes failure in the network. The simulation results demonstrate that our scheme gets the lowest sensor failure ratio with low charging cost and charging delay in comparison with other wireless charging schemes for WSANs.
Highlights
With the increasing maturity of wireless communication technology, sensor and microelectronics technologies, Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) appear
Compared with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) have the following specific characteristics: 1) Since actuators are placed in WSANs, sensed events can be quickly and reliably responded by their nearby actuators
By deeply analyzing the characteristics of WSANs, we propose a novel Actuator Failure Avoidance Online Charging scheme(AFAC) that schedules MC to effectively provide energy for nodes in WSANs
Summary
With the increasing maturity of wireless communication technology, sensor and microelectronics technologies, Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) appear. The residual energy levels of the request nodes are unpredictable because of the dynamically changing energy consumption feature Under this circumstance, with the aim of preventing actuators from failure and minimizing the number of nonfunctional sensor nodes, in what order to recharge which request node is the key issue needs to be considered in designing the wireless charging scheme for WSANs. besides ensuring no actuator failure in MC’s charging process, the proposed charging method should try its best to reduce the charging cost and the average charging delay. On the other hand, based on actual residual energy information of sensor nodes, MC is allowed to recharge request nodes in a real-time manner in the online charging mode. 3)When set Q is empty and there exist requests from actuators in MC’s service queue, MC first checks its remaining energy before charging the node.
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