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Abstract
Efficient continuous-wave laser emission at 1856 nm from a Tm,Mg:LiNbO(3) crystal slab with high Tm(3+) doping concentration is reported. A maximum output power of 2.62 W is realized with a slope efficiency of 19.6% and the beam quality factor M(2) of 1.7 at room temperature. We believe that this is the first demonstration of watt-level laser operation in Tm,Mg:LiNbO(3) crystal and the output power is four orders of magnitude higher than that reported previously in Tm-doped LiNbO(3) crystal. Performance degradation due to the photorefractive effect under high intensity 1856 nm laser is not observed thanks to the co-doping of magnesium ions. Quantitative analysis about the long-term photorefractive effect is also provided. Multi-wavelength laser operation is realized by using different narrow-band output couplers. This demonstration opens up a viable pathway towards 2-μm integrated optic devices for achieving laser oscillation, electro-optic and nonlinear optical effects within just one sample simultaneously.
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