Abstract
Laundry wastewater has simple characteristics in which the detergents compounds are the main constitutes. But these compounds have adverse effects on the aquatic organisms in the natural water bodies which received these wastes without treatment. Few studies were conducted on these wastes because it represent a small part of the total wastewater generated from different human activities. Moreover, the coagulation process for laundry wastewater might be effective to remove of detergents compounds. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of coagulation process by using chemical (ferrous sulphate) and natural coagulants (Moringa oleifera seeds) were investigated. The raw laundry wastewater samples were collected from laundromat located at Taman Universiti, Parit Raja. The characteristics of these wastes were determined and then the wastewater was subjected for the treatment process consisted of three units including aeration, coagulation and sedimentation process. The chemical and natural coagulants were used with four dosage (30, 60, 90 and 120 mg L−1) and the coagulation process was carried out at room temperature (25±2ºC) for one hour. The results revealed that the laundry wastewater have high concentrations of turbidity (57.8-68.1 NTU) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (423-450 mg L−1) with pH value between 7.96 and 8.37. M. oleifera seeds exhibited high efficiency for removal of turbidity (83.63%) with 120 mg L−1 of dosage, while 30 mg L−1 of FeSO4 was the best for removal of COD (54.18%). However, both parameters still more than Standard B for wastewater disposal suggesting the need to increase the period of coagulation process with M. oleifera seeds or to subject of the treated effluents for a secondary coagulation process with natural coagulant products to improve the characteristics of laundry wastewater without a secondary products as that generated with the chemical coagulants.
Highlights
Detergent compounds are classes of the organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in the laundry wastewater
The characteristics of laundry wastewater demonstrated that these wastes have high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (423-450 mg L-1) and turbidity (57.8-68.1 NTU) more than the standards limits recommended by Environmental Quality Act, 1974
The high concentrations of COD might be due to the presence of detergents compounds, which lead to increase of chemical reaction level between organic substances
Summary
Detergent compounds are classes of the organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in the laundry wastewater The disposal of these compounds into the natural water bodies lead to aesthetic losses due to the foam which can cause adverse effects on ecosystems and biodiversity [1,2]. The chemical composition of the laundry wastewater such as high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspension solids (TSS) as well as pH might change the natural water characteristics and induce the occurrence eutrophication phenomenon. These parameters have to be reduced in the laundry wastewater to the minimum concentrations. The toxicity of chemical coagulants have reported in the literature, the correlation between the availability of ferrous sulphate (above 200 mg L-1) in the treated water and Alzheimer’s and neuro-degenerative diseases has revealed by Bhatia et al [3]
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