Abstract
ABSTRACT The objectives of the tests were to evaluate concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) combined with different types of cuttings and grafting methods on the vegetative propagation of cajazeira-dejabuti (S. testudinis). The experiment with stem cuttings was conducted in a greenhouse with an intermittent misting system. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 6 factorial arrangement consisting of five cutting types: apical, medial, basal, stratified, and tanchan, and six IBA concentrations: 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1, with four replications of ten cuttings. The experiment with the root cuttings followed a randomized block design composed of six IBA concentrations (0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1) with four replications, evaluating after 120 days the percentages of live, sprouted, rooted, and calloused cuttings, and the number and dry mass of roots and sprouts. Five grafting methods (chip budding, shield budding, cleft grafting, wedge grafting, and splice grafting) were tested by evaluating the graft success and sprouting percentages at 30 and 60 days after grafting, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The IBA concentrations of 0, 2,000, 3,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1 increased the number of sprouts in tanchan cuttings. The tanchan cuttings showed the highest survival and percentage of sprouts regardless of the IBA concentration. The IBA concentration of 2,200 mg kg-1 promotes higher rooting rates in root cuttings. Splice grafting provides higher graft success and sprouting rates.
Highlights
The genus Spondias of the family Anacardiaceae is composed of several fruit species that are widely consumed and marketed in Brazil
The stem cutting experiments were installed at the end of July 2015 using cuttings collected from plants located in the Zoobotanical Park of the Federal University of Acre (UFAC)
The tanchan cuttings showed the highest percentages of live (60.8% to 100.0%) and sprouted cuttings (50.5% to 75.0%), regardless of the indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentration used (Table 1). These cuttings showed the highest number of sprouts (0.88 to 2.38) at the IBA concentrations of 0, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1 (Table 2)
Summary
The genus Spondias of the family Anacardiaceae is composed of several fruit species that are widely consumed and marketed in Brazil. D. Mitch & D.C. Daly) is a fruit species native to the southwest region of Amazônia with a hypothesized endemic occurrence in the Brazilian state of Acre, not being grown for commercial purposes. With fibrous pulp and bittersweet flavor, are mostly used to produce juices, nectars, and ice creams, being little consumed in natura due to their acidity. Fruit color ranges from yellow to orangebrown when ripe, with an oblong shape, mean length from 3.8 to 6.3 cm, and diameter from 2.3 to 2.7 cm, with prominent lenticels on the surface (Figure 1) (MITCHELL; DALY, 2015)
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