EFFICIENCY OF USING FEEDS FOR MILKING COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS

Abstract

In recent decades, Ukraine has undergone significant changes in the breed composition of cattle. The study aimed to study the effectiveness of the use of feed by dairy cows of Simmental and Holstein breeds. The research was conducted in PE «Kalynsky Klyuch» p. Kalyna Kamyanets, Podilskyi district, Khmelnytsky region. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted on two groups of dairy cows according to the methods generally accepted in zootechnics. Analyzing the supply of dairy cows with nutrients, it should be noted that the animals of both experimental groups with a surplus were provided with dry matter – by 6.7-8.8% of demand, metabolic energy – by 1.5-2.9%, starch – by 12.9-32.6%, while deficient in fiber – in the range of 5.6-10.6%, crude fat –2.5-16.6% and digestible protein – 2.5-4.0%. Of the mineral elements, 37.6-39.1% of phosphorus, 4.4-23.4% of copper, 41.2-47.5% of zinc, 49.1-61.4% of cobalt and 42.5-58.1% iodine. There was an excess of such elements as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, iron. Thus, the feeding of experimental animals on the main indicators provided their needs according to modern detailed standards. During the experimental period, the milk yield per cow in the first group was 4783.25 kg, while in the experimental group – 4924.79 or 3.0% more (p<0.95), with an average daily milk yield of Simmental cows at the level of 15.63 kg, and Holstein – 16.09 kg. The fat content in the milk of cows of the first group averaged 3.75% during lactation, which is less than in animals of the second group by 0.56% (p>0.95), while the protein concentration in animals of the Simmental breed was at the level 3.07%, and Holstein – lost to them only 0.02% without a significant difference. Thus, Holstein animals, although with little advantage, used energy and feed nutrients more efficiently than Simmental peers.