Efficiency of use of the modern gene pool in the production of cereals and legumes

Abstract

The authors in the article provided data on the use of different varieties and hybrids of cereals and legumes. The experiments were carried out in the forest steppe of the Novosibirsk Priobya region in 2020–2022. The studies were conducted on the leached chernozem of the Praktik EEF (Educational and Experimental Farm) of the Novosibirsk Region and CJSC Livestock Breeding Farm Irmen of the Ordynsky District Novosibirsk Region. Also, the authors conducted experiments in the steppe zone on the southern chernozem of Nadezhda LLC of the Bagansky district and on grey forest medium loamy soil of the Education and Production Farm (EPF) “Garden of Michurintsev” in Novosibirsk. The research aims to study the efficiency of using the modern gene pool of grain and leguminous crops in different zones of Western Siberia. The authors found that West Siberian selection soybean varieties had higher growth and development rates than the Doka standard for 4-6 days. During studies with F1 hybrids of corn, the authors also note increased indicators of biometric parameters: plant height, green mass, and cob weight - by 20% of the Ross 140 F1 standard. High yield parameters of corn grain on the leached chernozem of the forest-steppe zone (EEF Praktik) of hybrids Ross 199 F1 - 10.2, KS-178 F1 and Krasnodar 194 F1 - 9.79 t/ha were revealed, exceeding the Ross 140 F1 standard by 40– 47%. Corn grains of hybrids F1 Ross 199 - 6.03 t/ha, Krasnodar 194 - 5.67 and KS-178 - 5.52 t/ha differed in yield with an excess of the standard by 54% on the southern chernozem of the steppe zone of Nadezhda LLC The maximum yield of corn grain is in the hybrid F1 Kuban 101 and Katerina - at 9 t/ha on the leached chernozem of CJSC Irmen stud farm. The maximum yield of soybean grain is 3.44 t/ha for SibNIIK-9 and Gorinskaya on leached chernozem, which is higher than the standard for Doka by 67 and 57%. SibNIIK-9, Omskaya 4, and Gorinskaya were distinguished on grey forest medium loamy soil. The variety of the Far Eastern selection Alena and the early ripening varieties of the RRIO collection (All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds, named after V. S. Pustovoit, Krasnodar): Barguzin, Lira, Sonata, and Puma, had a developed above-ground mass and low grain productivity. It was statistically determined that the genotype determined the yield of corn grain by 39%, conditions of the year - by 25%, and interaction of factors - by 20%. In experiments with soybean on leached and southern chernozem, the grain yield depended on the genotype by 42%, the conditions of the year - by 27% and the interaction of factors - by 16%, on grey forest medium loamy soil, respectively, 47; 30 and 22%.