Abstract
The research has been carried in the steppe zone of the Minusinsk Hollow and forest-steppe of the Altai Ob Region. The paper presents the results of studying the efficiency of erosion protection methods using biologizing agriculture and technologies of soil treatment. The authors have analyzed long-term data provided by numerous research institutions located in different agro-ecological conditions in the forest-steppe and steppe areas of cultivated land. Long-term field experiments carried out to study and make a comparative analysis of soil treatment technologies in green manure fallows have shown different soil conservation efficiencies in various soil climatic conditions of the Middle Siberia. In the steppe area of cultivated land, in the case of erosion-hazard soil, it is worth using stubble mulch tillage treatment, which allows preserving plant residues on the soil surface in order to increase the soil protection efficiency of green manure fallows. After this type of treatment no removal of fine soil by wind was observed on black soil, while in the case of tillage the soil removal amounts to 2,5 - 8,1 tons per hectare per year. In the steppe area on slope lands, winter stubble residues allow one to completely prevent the soil wash out in spring. The number of days with dust storms after the Virgin Lands Campaign in Khakassia in 1961 – 1965 amounted to 5 – 13. At present, with the decreased areas of strongly eroded plough land and increased volume of fallow land, dust storms do not occur. A fallow grown crop (summer planted oats) and, on the slope lands, mulching with rape completely prevented the spring wash out. The grain yield from a hectare of the crop rotation area in the case of sweet clover tillage and stubble mulch plowing was almost the same: 1,64 and 1,76 tons per hectare, respectively. Treatment of the deposit land followed by spraying with Tornado herbicide in August reduces soil erosion 2.2 times compared to its introduction in June.
Highlights
The relevance of different methods of biologization in agriculture is determined by considerable changes connected with new socio-economic and agro-ecological conditions, namely, with the redistribution of agricultural land between farm units of various types, decreasing area of plough land and increasing amount of fallow land, as well as lowering soil productivity and growing problems of environment protection including soil protection from erosion. [1 - 3]
The research goal has been to determine the efficiency of erosion protection methods involving biologization agriculture in the steppe and forest-steppe lands of Siberia
Data were obtained concerning the advantage of soil treatment using stubble mulch plow (Table 1)
Summary
The relevance of different methods of biologization in agriculture is determined by considerable changes connected with new socio-economic and agro-ecological conditions, namely, with the redistribution of agricultural land between farm units of various types, decreasing area of plough land and increasing amount of fallow land, as well as lowering soil productivity and growing problems of environment protection including soil protection from erosion. [1 - 3]. Mulching performs the function of the steppe mat protecting soil from erosion. In Russia, agricultural lands subjected to erosion and deflation amounted to 104 million hectares in 1990 while in 1997 this amount was 126 million hectares [12]. Soil protection from erosion remains to be the most urgent problem in the arid steppe conditions of the southern Siberia (The Republic of Khakassia, the Republic of Tyva etc.). 70 – 80% of the plough land are subjected to deflation and water erosion [13].
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