EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE TO ADOLESCENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Abstract

Bronchial asthma in adolescents is an actual problem in the XXI century. In modern conditions, the role of psycho-emotional and psychosocial factors in etiology and pathogenesis of the disease increased. In the city of Moscow and the Moscow region, there were examined 200 adolescents aged 14-15 years (120 boys, 80 girls) with asthma - an experimental group and 200 adolescents at the same age (110 boys, 90 girls) without it - a control group. To study psychological characteristics of the adolescents and monitoring of effectiveness of the program, there has been selected a number of psychological tests - the multifactor method of studying personality (FPI); the method for determining of the subjective control level (ACC); self-esteem; health, activity, mood (SAN) and the leading emotional modality. Initial diagnosis of these techniques has allowed us to determine specificity of personal organization of the adolescents with psychosomatic diseases, as well as directions and priorities in the work with them. After training of the adolescents, there has been conducted a follow-up study. Independent groups of data not obeying the normal distribution law were compared using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and the Exact test. It has been found that delivery of social-psychological assistance lead to increased stress resistance and adaptability by developing the skills of self-control and selfregulation of mental and emotional state of the adolescents, it was also an important element of student-centered care for asthma. By becoming more optimistic, active, motivated and communicative, teenagers are more successful among their peers.