Abstract
The article contains an assessment of efficiency of removal of impurities from surface water using the technology employed by “Raba” plant of the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company in Cracow (MPWiK). Research conducted by the laboratory staff shows that the functioning process system for water treatment makes it possible to obtain water with parameters corresponding to the currently applicable regulations on the quality of treated water at the outlet of the plant. Selected microbiological indicators during the treatment process and physicochemical parameters in raw and potable water underwent statistical analysis. In the first case, only Clostridium perfringens bacteria and coliform bacteria were analysed. The other bacteriological parameters in the water production process gave a result of 0 cfu/100 ml. In the second case, the average rates of removal of impurities were calculated in order to check the efficiency of the treatment process. In the examined water, the highest efficiency of removal of impurities was observed with regard to the following indicators: nitrates (III), turbidity, colour, ammonium ion and phosphates. The research conducted showed that the quality of treated water was affected by the degree of pollution of raw water and the use of appropriate stages of the process system which removed impurities and neutralised pathogenic microorganisms.
Highlights
In order to select the appropriate method of water treatment, first and foremost, the quantity and quality of the water drawn are to be specified
Physicochemical parameters of raw water determined in 2011–2017 underwent component analysis: colour, turbidity, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, total hardness as well as iron, manganese, suspensions, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, total phosphorous, Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium ion, chlorides, nitrates (III), nitrates (V), phosphates (V), sulphates (VI) and total organic carbon indicators
4.3 Physicochemical indicators This paper presents relationships between raw and treated water as related to the following quality indicators: colour, turbidity, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrates (III), nitrates (V), phosphates (V), chlorides, sulphates (VI), total organic carbon (TOC), permanganate index and total hardness (Figures 4a-41)
Summary
In order to select the appropriate method of water treatment, first and foremost, the quantity and quality of the water drawn are to be specified. An increase of requirements for water intended for human consumption has been observed This is related to an amendment of national regulations, which is the effect of Poland’s accession to the European Union and adoption of Community requirements. These changes impose an increase in the efficiency of water treatment technologies in newly built plants and those already in use [1]. The engineering process of surface water treatment in the majority of water supply plants is based on the same system (Figure 1). This is subject to modifications depending on the type and magnitude of concentration of pollutants and impurities that must be removed from the water
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