Abstract
Abstract In this work, kaolinite modified with zero-valent iron was synthesized and used as a sorbent for Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The obtained material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The methods revealed successful modification by the Fe0particles precipitation on the surface of well-ordered kaolinite. The sorption experiment results showed a significant increase of sorption capacity in relation to the raw kaolinite. The kaolinite with 25% content of Fe0was found to be the best material for Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal, resulting in approximately 500 mmol·kg-1and 350 mmol·kg-1sorption, respectively. The possible mechanisms responsible for metals’ removal were identified as reduction by Fe0‘core’ and adsorption on the iron hydroxides ‘shell’. The study indicated that the obtained material is capable of efficient Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal and may be an interesting alternative to other methods used for heavy metals’ removal.
Highlights
The increasing contamination of the environment with heavy metals has become a public health concern
The obtained material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
This work showed a successful kaolinite modification with zero-valent iron particles, which is suitable for Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal from aqueous solutions
Summary
The increasing contamination of the environment with heavy metals has become a public health concern. This is because of their persistent nature and tendency to accumulate in living tissues. Most of these methods turn out to be inefficient and damaging to the environment They have high energy requirements and may involve the use of harmful chemical reagents. Adsorption can be conducted with the use of many materials, both of organic and inorganic origin. Multiple methods of their modification are known, which have led to the improvement of their sorption properties. Many conventional and unconventional adsorbents have been used for heavy metals’ removal, including layered double hydroxides (LDH) (You et al 2001; Hudcova et al 2016), clay minerals (Suraj et al 1998; Bhattacharyya, Gupta 2006; Zhang, Hou 2008; Üzüm et al 2009), zeolites (Erdem et al 2004; Szala et al 2015), activated carbon (Patnukao et al 2008; Xu et al 2008), and graphene oxides (Ren et al 2013; Liu et al 2014)
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