Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization of Winter Wheat Depending on Sulfur Fertilization

Monika Tabak,Barbara Filipek-Mazur,Andrzej Lepiarczyk,Aneta Lisowska

doi:10.3390/agronomy10091304

Monika Tabak, Barbara Filipek-Mazur + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091304

Copy DOI

Abstract

Optimization of fertilization enables to obtain a yield of high quality and quantity, brings economic profits, and reduces environmental threats. The aim of the three-year field experiment was to determine the efficiency of fertilization with a new fertilizer available on the Polish market and containing nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in proportions designed for cereals cultivation (30% N and 6% S as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate). Other treatments included no fertilization; fertilization with ammonium nitrate (34% N); fertilization with standard nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer with N supplementation with ammonium nitrate. Nitrogen doses were 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha−1. Sulfur was applied in doses of 30, 40, and 50 kg S ha−1. A beneficial effect of using fertilizer containing N and S in proportions designed for cereals cultivation was observed. The highest mean optimal nitrogen dose and maximum winter wheat yield were recorded for the new fertilizer (217 kg N ha−1 and 8251 kg ha−1, respectively). Sulfur supplementation with the new fertilizer significantly increased apparent nitrogen recovery (mean values 48.9%, 44.6%, and 40.6% for doses 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha−1, respectively), agronomic efficiency (11.1 and 8.6 kg kg−1 N for doses 200 and 250 kg N ha−1, respectively), and physiological efficiency (24.7 kg kg−1 N for dose 200 kg N ha−1).

Highlights

Wheat (Triticum L) was one of the first domesticated plants and has been the staple food for major civilizations in Europe, West Asia, and North Africa over many thousands of years
Sha−1, respectively—S was introduced with fertilizer A conventionally available on the Polish market; N dose was supplemented with ammonium nitrate; VIII, IX, and X: 150 kg N and 30 kg S ha−1, 200 kg N and 40 kg S ha−1, 250 kg N and 50 kg S ha−1, respectively—S and N were introduced with fertilizer B which was a new fertilizer available on the Polish market and containing N and S in proportions designed for cereals cultivation
The amount of winter wheat yield is shown as a function of N fertilization

Summary

Introduction

Wheat (Triticum L) was one of the first domesticated plants and has been the staple food for major civilizations in Europe, West Asia, and North Africa over many thousands of years. Wheat is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide [2,3,4]. It is one of three cereals (next to rice and corn) which are the most important food sources for people, and whose total global consumption accounts for over 90% of total cereal consumption [5,6,7,8]. In 2018, wheat was grown on 214 million hectares of land worldwide. The production amounted to 734 million tons, with an average yield of about 3.4 tons per hectare [9]. Twenty-eight European Union (EU) Member States produced 138 million tons of this cereal on a 25.5 million ha area, with an average yield of about 5.5 tons per hectare. In 2018, wheat was grown on 2.4 million ha in Poland, providing an output of

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion