Abstract
The efficiency of ammonium and nitrite oxidation was studied in two trickling filters filled with different plastic media (A, Hydropak ®-Folia, Uhde Dortmund, 200 m 2 active surface area per m 3 volume; B, Bio-Net material, Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke, 260 m 2 m −3). Both filters were operated simultaneously under comparable conditions (hydraulic load: of A = 40·2 m 3 m −3 day −1; of B = 43·4 m 3 m −3 day −1). Ammonium removal efficiency depended on pH value and on initial total ammonium concentration (range investigated: pH = 5·6–7·0; total ammonium concentration = 0·15−1·8 mg litre −1; nitrite concentration = 0·08−1·85 mg litre −1). Ammonium removal efficiency was reduced to almost zero at pH values below 5·6. Medium A was less efficient than medium B at higher pH levels (removal efficiency was above 50% at all times at pH values higher than 6·2, compared to 6·8 in medium A). With increasing initial ammonium concentration the removal efficiency decreased drastically in both filters (always below 60% at concentrations higher than 1·0 mg litre −1). In general, nitrite oxidation efficiency followed a similar trend in both filters indicating a better performance of substrate B. Reasons for these differences are discussed.
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