Abstract
This paper presents research on Fe and Mn removal from groundwater. In treatment systems of aeration followed by rapid filtration (no chemical dosage), manganese removal is possible due to the manganese dioxide catalyst present on the grains of filtration material. The goal of the presented research was to find a correlation between the catalyst layer’s composition as well as its internal porosity and the effectiveness and stability of manganese removal in the filtration process. In order to establish the influence of catalyst characteristics on manganese removal effectiveness, the filtration experiment was conducted using filtration materials with catalytic contact layers of different origin. Oxide coated auto-activated silica sand and Gabon manganese ore were tested. Inactive silica sand was used as reference. The results of filtration experiments were combined with analyses of chemical composition, internal porosity, and crystalline parameters of catalyst contact layers of grains. For the determination catalyst contact layer parameters, the following methods were used: Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX), nitrogen adsorption. Pilot scale research on the filtration process demonstrated that auto-activated filtration material was characterized by the highest efficiency of manganese removal and stability of effects during the whole research. The effectiveness of Gabon manganese ore dropped from 90% and stabilized on the level of ca. 60% within 15 days of the experiment.
Highlights
Most groundwaters are contaminated with iron and manganese compounds
The experimental installation was supplied with aerated natural groundwater from the water treatment plant
Gabon manganese ore dropped from 90% to 60% and stayed stable at this value
Summary
Most groundwaters are contaminated with iron and manganese compounds. Divalent iron and manganese present in groundwater are products of dissolution of simple minerals (e.g., FeCO3 , MnCO3 , or FeS2 ) in water containing carbon dioxide.From aesthetic and health aspects, it is important to meet the standards of iron and manganese concentration in drinking water. Most groundwaters are contaminated with iron and manganese compounds. Divalent iron and manganese present in groundwater are products of dissolution of simple minerals (e.g., FeCO3 , MnCO3 , or FeS2 ) in water containing carbon dioxide. From aesthetic and health aspects, it is important to meet the standards of iron and manganese concentration in drinking water. Iron and manganese present in water impart a metallic taste and odour, and stain laundry and household fixtures. Precipitates of oxidized iron and manganese compounds in distribution systems can clog pipes and support the growth of iron and manganese bacteria, causing taste and odour problems. The deposition of iron and manganese oxides in distribution systems decreases the diameter of pipes, causing increased headloss, which in turn increases transport costs
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