Abstract
The development of the technology of mass microtubers cultivation in vitro based on innovative methods with respect to potato varieties allowed for use in Kazakhstan has an important theoretical and practical significance for the development of seed production in the Republic. The goal is to develop a technology for mass cultivation of potatoes microtubers in vitro based on biotechnology methods and to assess the possibility of their use as a starting material in the seed-growing process of potatoes. Research methods are generally accepted in plant biotechnology. For the first time, studies are carried out on the mass cultivation of microtubers in vitro and their testing in the field, which determines the relevance and scientific novelty. The practical significance of the project is due to the determination of the most optimal timing for in vitro production of microtubers for the original seed production of potatoes in Kazakhstan. It was revealed that the induction of potato microtubers in vitro allows to accumulate and preserve the healthy planting material of valuable varieties during the entire period without additional transplantations, creating a kind of bank, to simplify and reduce the cost of forwarding the planting material. By regulating the photoperiod, lowering the temperature and modifying the nutrient medium, the tuber formation process was induced. A conclusion is made about the possibility of using microtubers as a planting material in the seed production of potatoes.
Highlights
In the original potato seed production, an important link is the production of the original healthy material
Many authors confirm that auxins and cytokinins in combination promote accelerated tuber formation in vitro, since such a combination of phytohormones is possible in a culture medium designed to induce microtubers (Ogluzdin, 1981; Ostapenko, 1981)
The size of microtubers increased by 2.2-6.0 mm compared to the control variant, which was from 6.0 mm to 9.0 mm.A similar trend was observed in the mass of microtubers from 490.0 mg to 692.0 mg, which is important in the system of potatoes seed production
Summary
In the original potato seed production, an important link is the production of the original healthy material. Improving the technology of accelerated reproduction at laboratory and in field conditions is one of the topical issues in the seed production of potatoes.At present, the introduction of improved potato varieties into production is proceeding slowly. In this regard, it is advisable to use various methods of accelerated reproduction, which make it possible to obtain high multiplication factors in the production of original potato seeds (Basiev, 2015; Deryabin, 1997). One of the ways to solve this problem is to use microtubers induced in vitro as a health improvement material. Because of their small size and smaller mass, the use of microtubers as a planting material reduces the cost of planting, storage (less storage capacity required) and seed transportation (Makarov, 1990; Matevossian et al, 1990).
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