Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a drought-resistant plant and able to survive in poor soils, obtaining up to three harvests per year. This culture has wide employability in the cosmetics, medicinal, food industry and also as a potential for water purification. Despite its widespread use, there are few studies on its processing. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the behavior during the drying process, at the drying air temperatures of 40 ºC, 55 ºC and 70 ºC, applying mathematical models to the experimental data, thus selecting the best model according to the kinetics curves of drying, as well as evaluating the effect of this phenomenon on the efficiency of mechanical oil extraction. Pre-dried Moringa oleifera Lam. grains from the city of Barreirinhas (MA) were used, the second semester of 2018 and the experiment conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Department of the Federal University of Lavras (MG). Artificial drying was carried out to a constant grain mass, using a mechanical laboratory dryer in a fixed layer with forced convection, at an air speed of 0.33 ms-1, with controlled drying air temperatures of 40 °C, 55 °C, and 70 °C. Non-linear regression analysis was performed using the Quasi-Newton method to adjust 11 mathematical models to experimental data. The oil was extracted using an expeller-type mechanical press. The press yield and efficiency were calculated from the difference in lipid content obtained by the initial chemical extraction of the grain and residual of the pie. The Exponential Equation of Two Terms was the one that best suited the experimental data for all drying air temperatures. The increase in the temperature of the drying air caused greater volumetric contraction of the moringa grains, which affected the oil extraction yield, resulting in lower efficiency of the mechanical press.
Highlights
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical plant cultivated initially in India and introduced in Brazil almost 70 years ago, resistant to drought and able to survive in poor soils, obtaining up to three harvests per year (Alves et al, 2005; Rashid et al, 2008)
The mathematical simulation of the drying process is essential for the development and improvement of equipment used for drying grains. Such information is of great importance for mathematical simulations of drying in thin layers, which demonstrate the behavior of the reduction of water content during the process, allowing the promotion of improvements in the system and the development of new equipments (Araújo et al, 2017; Martins et al, 2018)
The objective of this work was to study the behavior during the drying process of Moringa oleifera grains, at temperatures of 40oC, 55oC, 70oC, applying mathematical models to the experimental data, selecting the best model according to the kinetic curves drying, as well as evaluating the effect of this phenomenon on the efficiency of mechanical extraction of moringa oil, due to the scarcity of research related to the processing of these grains
Summary
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical plant cultivated initially in India and introduced in Brazil almost 70 years ago, resistant to drought and able to survive in poor soils, obtaining up to three harvests per year (Alves et al, 2005; Rashid et al, 2008). High temperatures speed up the process, making energy consumption less, and more economical. They can cause physical and chemical changes in these, as well as affect efficiency in oil extraction (Almeida et al, 2013). The objective of this work was to study the behavior during the drying process of Moringa oleifera grains, at temperatures of 40oC, 55oC, 70oC, applying mathematical models to the experimental data, selecting the best model according to the kinetic curves drying, as well as evaluating the effect of this phenomenon on the efficiency of mechanical extraction of moringa oil, due to the scarcity of research related to the processing of these grains
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