Abstract
In the Republic of Tajikistan, linseeds, cotton seeds and rape seeds are used for producing vegetable oil. The authors highlight that until now the impact of cotton, linseed and rapeseed cake, which are seen as high-protein feed additives, on the dairy productivity, composition and properties of milk are not sufficiently investigated for the conditions of the country. The paper highlights the results of two scientific and economic experiments on investigation of the impact caused by cotton, linseed and rapeseed cake on the milk productivity, quality and physical and chemical parameters of milk of highproductive cows of the Black-and-WhiteTajik type breed. The researchers found out that application of various seed cakes when feeding cows in DIM increases the milk yield and improves the quality and physical and chemical parameters of milk. The authors observed experimental cows which received different types of seed cake and the milk their produced and found out that experimental cows exceeded 5.9-12.3 % according to the parameters of milk of natural fat; 4% milk - on 12.0-17.9 %. The cows from experimental groups produced 6.55-11.51 kg milk fat more. Feed costs in energetic feed unit pro 1 kg of 4-% -milk were 7.7-15.2% lower in the experimental groups of cows in comparison with the control group. According to organoleptic and sanitary-hygienic parameters, the milk produced by the cows from experimental groups was of higher quality and fulfilled the requirements of the state standard for purchased milk. Fat concentration increased on0.08-0.19%; total protein - on 0.07-0.15, dry skimmed milk residue - on 0.07-0.16 and dry matter - on 0.15-0.35%. According to the chemical composition, the milk produced by cows, which were fed with linseed cake was the best one. The content of milk sugar, ash, calcium and phosphorus was approximately the same in all the groups. The cost of 1 centner of milk in the experimental groups was 6.3-12.7% lower, and the profitability level of milk production was 9.8-16.3% higher in comparison with the control groups.
Highlights
cotton seeds and rape seeds are used for producing vegetable oil
which are seen as high-protein feed additives
economic experiments on investigation of the impact caused by cotton
Summary
Ключевые слова: высокопродуктивные коровы, кормление, хлопчатниковый жмых, льняной жмых, рапсовый жмых, молочная продуктивность, химический состав молока, физические показатели молока. Однако до настоящего времени в условиях республики вопросы влияния хлопчатникового, льняного и рапсового жмыхов, которые являются высокобелковыми кормовыми добавками, на молочную продуктивность, состав и свойства молока коров остаются не изученными. В данной статье изложены результаты двух научно-хозяйственных опытов по изучению влияния хлопчатникового, льняного и рапсового жмыхов на молочную продуктивность, качество и физико-химические показатели молока высокопродуктивных коров таджикского типа черно-пестрой породы. От коров опытных групп получено на 6,55–11,51 кг больше молочного жира. Затраты кормов в ЭКЕ на 1 кг молока 4-%-й жирности в опытных группах коров были на 7,7–15,2 % ниже по сравнению с контролем. Себестоимость 1 ц молока в опытных группах была на 6,3–12,7 % ниже, а уровень рентабельности производства молока – на 9,8–16,3 % выше по сравнению с контрольными группами.
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