Efficiency of cultivation of nontraditional oilseeds depending on seeding rates

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying seeding rates of Camelina sativa and Crambe abyssinica, their influence on productivity and general indicators of cultivation efficiency. The studies were carried out in the Penza region in 2018-2020. The objects of research were spring Camelina Veles and Crambe abyssinica Polet. In the experiment with Camelina, the seeding rates were studied from 6 to 10 million viable seeds per hectare, with Crambe - from 1.5 to 3.5 million viable seeds per hectare. It was revealed that the optimal seeding rate of Camelina on leached chernozems of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region is 8 million viable seeds per hectare, for Crambe it is 2.5 million viable seeds per hectare. These seeding rates provided the highest indicators of the yield structure: weight of 1000 Camelina seeds was 1.18 g, Crambe - 8.89 g, the productivity of one plant is 1.88 g and 7.17 g, respectively. At the indicated seeding rates, the highest yield was obtained: with Camelina on average it made up 1.75 t/ha, with Crambe - 2.17 t/ha with the maximum oil content in seeds: in Camelina - 40.3 %, in Crambe - 36.3 %. These variants of experiments ensured the corresponding obtaining of the best indicators of net energy income - 32.69 and 24.51 GJ, energy efficiency coefficient 1.94 and 1.57; energy net cost of seeds - 9.62 and 7.19 GJ/t; the level of profitability of oilseed production is 159.7 % and 141.6%.