Efficiency of biomass and solid waste energy processing based on the cogeneration plant with plasma heat source

A R Sadrtdinov,V G Gusev,V A Saldaev,I Y Mazarov,T K Galeev,R G Safin,E.V Shamsutdinov,V.V Sergeev,Yu.V Vankov

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201912401031

Abstract

The urgency of the use of low-grade organic fuels and wastes, in particular municipal solid (MSW), is due to recent developments in energy saving and energy efficiency. This directly relates to the direction of renewable energy, responsible for involving all wastes, such as MSW, in fuel energy balance to provide heat and electricity to decentralized power supply areas. This paper presents the process of high-temperature thermal decomposition of MSW in the steam-air medium of plasma under excessive pressure to generate electrical energy. The high enthalpy and great reactivity of the plasma gasifying agent makes it possible to carry out the process of thermal decomposition in the autothermal mode. The high-temperature mode and the use of plasma blast provides a high degree of conversion of waste into combustible components (CO, CH4, H2), the resulting gas mixture. The technological process significantly reduces the formation of potentially hazardous substances that affect the kinetics of the process. After generating electrical energy, the exhaust gases are subjected to complex purification from the products of combustion and cogeneration of residual thermal energy. In particular, purification from toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx) occurs, the formation of dioxins, furans and other dangerous derivatives of chloride compounds is prevented. Thermal energy, discharged at various sites of the plant, is almost completely used for the needs of the cogeneration plant and its units, which allows to achieve a total efficiency of at least 86%. The ability of the cogeneration plant to work on various types of solid waste gives a wide range of applications and operational capabilities.

Highlights

Almost in all countries, the close attention has been paid to the problem of the reuse of the resulting production and consumption wastes, including municipal solid waste (MSW)
The use of plasmatrones for the processing of MSW and plant waste allows for the processing of the organic component to produce high-calorific combustible gas
The good convergence of the calculated and experimental data on the processing of solid waste and plant raw materials allows you to use the results to predict the composition of the combustible gas and the specific energy consumption of the studied technology

Summary

Introduction

Almost in all countries, the close attention has been paid to the problem of the reuse of the resulting production and consumption wastes, including municipal solid waste (MSW). One of the ways to recycle MSW is to use them as sources of secondary raw materials, allowing to achieve an increase in production efficiency by saving materials and ensuring the expansion of the raw material base. The state policy in the field of the environmental development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 provides for the development of a number of areas such as the involvement of waste in re-economic turnover through the fullest possible use of starting raw materials; use of the resulting waste through recycling, regeneration, recovery, reuse; introduction and use of low-waste and resource-saving technologies and equipment. The set of proposed measures to overcome the current practice includes: encouraging the reduction of the formation of new and utilization of accumulated waste; stimulation of scientific research and support for the development of promising technological solutions aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment and environmental risks; new technologies for gasification of various raw materials, including biomass, MSW, etc [9-13]

Methods

Results

Conclusion