Abstract
The growth of the Brazilian market for biological defensive follows a worldwide trend of reducing the use of pesticides in crops, due to international and societal demands for a more sustainable agriculture. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of Bacillus subtilis Bs10 as an inoculant for the soybean crop, through the promotion of plant growth and productive performance in the field. Three field experiments were conduct in the municipalities of Porto Nacional and Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins, Brazil. The treatments used in the experiments were five doses of the B. subtilis Bs10-based product (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mL 50 kg of seeds-1), plus one treatment with a commercial B. subtilis-based product. The inoculation of B. subtilis Bs10 provided increases in biomass, agronomic characteristics, plant population and productivity in soybeans under field conditions. There were positive results starting at a dose of 200 mL, with gains in productivity ranging from 28 to 41% in relation to the absolute control treatment, without inoculation of B. subtilis, and from 11 to 42% in relation to the treatment with commercial product. The bio formulated B. subtilis Bs10 should be recommend as a plant growth promoting inoculant in soybean.
Highlights
Experiment 1: Porto Nacional 2015/2016 For the evaluated variables of dray matter of shoot, number of nodules, dray matter of nodules, at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS), a positive quadratic behavior was observed regarding the inoculation of increasing doses of B. subtilis Bs10 (Fig. 1)
At 60 DAS there was a significant difference, where maximum efficiency in the production of number of nodules was found in the dose 400 mL, with an increase of 65 and 23% compared to the treatment without inoculation and the commercial product, respectively
Based on the results presented in the three field experiments conduct in the municipalities of Porto Nacional (2015/2016 and 2016/2017 season) and Formoso do Araguaia (2017 season), regarding the growth promotion of soybean plants provided by the inoculant based on B. subtilis Bs10, for the characteristics of biomass and nodulation, agronomic characteristics and productivity, there were positive results, superior when compared to the treatment without inoculation and the commercial product tested
Summary
The soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) represents the main Brazilian agricultural commodity, being the crop that has grown the most in the last three decades, its importance in the economy is since Brazil is the largest exporter of the complex (grain, bran, and oil) and the first world producer (CONAB, 2020). Bacteria of the genus Bacillus make up a significant part of the biological products marketed worldwide. This is due to their cosmopolitan distribution, versatility in producing various substances of plant interest such as phytohormones and mineral solubilizers (HUANG et al, 2014; KALAYU, 2019; MOHAMED et al, 2018) and the ability to control important pathogens (RAHMAN et al, 2016). Associated with the diversity of metabolites produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus and the harmlessness to animals and humans, along with the ability to form spores, structures that enable the preparation of formulations with greater stability, makes these bacteria interesting for the development of inoculant products in agriculture (LAGERLÖF et al, 2015)
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