Abstract
ABSTRACT Non-renewable chemical products are still the most used for wood protection, however, they have negative aspects. Several problems associated with the extensive use of these substances have been reported, such as intoxication of animals and plants, and environmental contamination. This has led to a search for alternative methods of control that cause less impact on the environment. In this context, the use of natural products extracted from different plants can be an alternative to this industrial activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of andiroba, copaiba and jatropha oils, either pure or enriched with iodine (I2), to improve the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood to wood-decay fungi causing brown, white and soft rot. The andiroba and copaiba oils came from the state of Pará and the jatropha oil came from Paraíba. Thus, we performed resistance tests to accelerated decay (brown and white rot fungi) and soft rot tests in the laboratory. We used pure natural oils and those enriched with sublimated iodine in assessing efficiency. In turn, we evaluated the effects of volatilization and leaching on the efficiency of solutions against decaying fungi. Pure andiroba and jatropha oils were the least efficient in controlling the Trametes versicolor fungus in the accelerated decay biological assay. Moreover, the wood treated with pure copaiba oil (normal situation) was classified as non-resistant for controlling Postia placenta fungus. In the soft rot test, we observed that there was a tendency to improve the wood resistance (normal situation) with an increase in the iodine concentration (I2).
Highlights
Wood has good resistance to external stresses and associated with low density and cost when compared to other construction materials such as iron, aluminum and steel, in addition to being a material from renewable sources
The andiroba and copaiba oils came from the state of Pará and the jatropha oil came from Paraíba
We removed the samples from the flasks and removed the fungi mycelia under running water using a soft bristle brush in order to further analyze the mass loss caused in the wood, which we evaluated according to ASTM D-2017 (2008) (Table 2)
Summary
Wood has good resistance to external stresses and associated with low density and cost when compared to other construction materials such as iron, aluminum and steel, in addition to being a material from renewable sources (natural or implanted forests). It is used for structural purposes and in the flooring, furniture and packaging industries. Fungi are the main deteriorating agents of wood, and can be divided based on their ability to attack the cell wall components, use reserve substances (starch and simple sugars) and the type of attack caused to the wood (Goodell et al, 2003; Schmidt, 2006). A wood species resistance to attack by xylophagous organisms varies between forest species and even within the tree itself, which is provided by the anatomical structure of the wood and by the toxic or natural inhibiting substances contained in it (Carvalho et al, 2015)
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