Abstract
Research background: An efficient and effectively functioning transport of a city is of great importance both for people who reside within it, as well as companies doing business there. It is an integral part of modern economy and society in the dimension of production and consumption. However, apart from having a positive impact, transport also carries many social costs including congestion, traffic accidents and a negative influence on the natural environment. Consequently, urban transport is an increasingly important area of city management.
 Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to assess the technological effectiveness of transport in selected Polish cities. The author created a ranking of cities and identified ways of improve efficiency.
 Methods: The test procedure used the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The data for analysis was drawn from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office defining expenses in the transport section as well as data on the condition and use of transport infrastructure. Calculations were made using Frontier Analyst Application software dedicated to the DEA method. Performance results were determined using the BCC model. The analysis was con-ducted for 18 cities with district status from 150 to 500 thousands inhabitants.
 Findings & Value added: The main result is the author?s ranking of transport effectiveness in Polish cities. The analysis showed that urban transport is characterized by a rather low technological effectiveness. Full technological efficiency has been shown by five cities: Białystok, Sosonowiec, Bielsko-Biała, Olsztyn and Rzeszów. An average of the urban transport efficiency reached 51.1%. The lowest effectiveness was only 2.77%. This means that a substantial number of cities do not use optimal inputs. The DEA method enriches the methodology used by scientists to study transport effectiveness.
Highlights
Urban transport has become an significant domain of city management due to the pressure of spatial mobility residents (Pact of Amsterdam, 2016)
Forecasts show that the intensity of freight transport in cities will increase by 40% by 2030 and rise by over 80% by 2050 when compared to 2005
The initial step of the study was to create a ranking of urban transport efficiency and to identify city-benchmarks
Summary
Urban transport has become an significant domain of city management due to the pressure of spatial mobility residents (Pact of Amsterdam, 2016). It is expected that passenger transport will increase by approximately 34% by 2030 and by more than 50% by 2050 (in comparison to 2005) (White Paper, 2011). These projections indicate a need for cities to act in relation to this field. It requires changes in city management, which will make public transport one of its functional areas. One of the things which the European Union requires of its member countries is the need to develop a sustainable mobility strategy, including both passenger and freight transport Many cities, in their plans and activities regarding the field of transport, included only those tasks that relate to the movement of people, often without consideration for freight (Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, 2015)
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