Abstract
The very limited studies that tried to measure the efficiency of national innovation systems (NISs) in BRICS economies were limited to the assumption that the innovation process at national level consists of one stage only and got different and conflicting results. Therefore, this study endeavours to measure the efficiency of sub-processes within the BRICS’s NISs and identify where the system failure lies in each NIS. Bias-corrected network data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to measure the efficiency of total NIS and the efficiency of the other sub-processes within the system: (1) knowledge production process (KPP), and (2) knowledge commercialization process (KCP). The results showed that NISs in BRICS economies suffer from low performance in commercializing their outputs of universities and research organizations. While, on the other hand, their performance in creating scientific and technical knowledge is good in comparison to other studied countries. We suggest that the reason behind this imbalance is the network system failure associated with weak institutions and high uncertainty in the economy. In this study, we argue that the problem in BRICS NISs is not a problem of resources, but it is a problem of system management and institutions. Some bridging policies are suggested to be adopted by BRICS economies to improve their innovation performance and overcome the system failure of weak links between universities and industry.
Highlights
Building a globally competitive economy today requires an economy with a high intensity of innovation activities at the national level
It is worth mentioning that the return to scale (RTS)-test results are consistent with the structure of the studied national innovation systems (NISs) (DMUs) in this study, where all of them work at different scales
In this study, an assessment of the BRICS NISs was conducted based on a biascorrected network data envelopment analysis (DEA)
Summary
Building a globally competitive economy today requires an economy with a high intensity of innovation activities at the national level. As a result of a highly competitive global environment, policymakers need to ensure that their innovation policies and strategies are sound and oriented precisely towards overcoming the weakness and shortcomings of their NIS. This process requires a profound analysis of NIS and all its actors, their relationships and the structural patterns of its progress overtime (Castellacci & Natera, 2013)
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