Abstract
The genus Ocimum is characterized by a great variability in both morphological features and chemical composition because the cross-pollination appears leads to various species, subspecies, varieties and forms. In addition, the taxonomy of Ocimum is complicated by the existence of numerous botanical varieties, cultivar names, and chemotypes within the species that may not differ significantly in morphology. In the present study, genetic diversity and relationships within and among 24 Ocimum accessions from five different agro-climatic regions of West Bengal were developed using PCR-based Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. The RAPD primers developed 191 robust loci, which revealed 69.42% polymorphism and 83 ISSR markers generated 67.46% polymorphism. Genetic diversity parameters [average and effective number of alleles, percent polymorphism, average heterozygosity, intralocus gene diversity, polymorphic information content (PIC)] for RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD+ISSR along with UPGMA clustering based on Jaccard's coefficient were estimated with a view to assess efficiency of the marker system in Ocimum. The UPGMA dendrogram generated using cumulative data revealed significant relationships among the genotypes. All 24 genotypes studied grouped into three clusters irrespective of their geographical affiliations with 100% bootstrap value except few genotypes, suggesting considerable diversity among the genotypes. Further the results demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of RAPD and ISSR markers in determining the genetic diversity and relationships among the Ocimum germplasm. RAPD and ISSR profiling have identified diverse Ocimum genotypes, which could be further utilized in various genetic improvement programmes including conventional as well as marker assisted breeding towards development of new and desirable Ocimum genotypes.
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