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Abstract
This paper deals with the occurrence of hot spot phenomena in photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading caused by objects on some parts of the modules. An interesting case of diffuse shadows is determined by overhead distribution lines whose path crosses or are in the proximity of the PV power plants. Investigating the impact of these shadows on reducing the power production of PV or on damaging the PV modules as the modules’ temperature is increasing, is of high interest. At the SolarTech laboratory of Politecnico di Milano, the conditions for hot spot phenomena occurrence due to the overhead lines shading the PV cells were reproduced. Two experimental campaigns were carried out to investigate the current–voltage and power–voltage characteristics, and the energy production. In each experimental campaign, the built shading structure was considered fixed and different shading conditions were created based on the natural displacement of the sun. The hot spot phenomena was revealed on a field PV installation in Italy, caused my medium voltage overhead lines shading the PV cells, using infrared imagery.
Highlights
Under partial shading, the PV cell electrically operates as load, and the electrical power is transformed into heat causing the increase of temperature
This paper deals with the occurrence of hot spot phenomena in photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading caused by objects on some parts of the modules
The built shading structure was considered fixed and different shading conditions were created based on the natural displacement of the sun
Summary
The PV cell electrically operates as load, and the electrical power is transformed into heat causing the increase of temperature. Reference [10] proposes and experimentally validates a model to predict the hot spot temperatures in a PV module with 60 multi-crystalline silicon cells under shading conditions, in a climate controlled chamber. In PV power plants, there are objects that are causing diffuse shadows on some areas of the modules Among these, it is interesting the case determined by overhead distribution lines path crossing or in the vicinity of the PV plants (see Fig. 1). In PV field plants, some hot spot phenomena were recorded using the infrared imagery linked to the shadow of MV power lines Understanding if these shadows determines a reduction of PV power production or are damaging the PV modules, considering the abnormal temperature behavior of the modules, is of high interest. The umbra reaches the PV module (as shown in Fig. 3a) if the apparent size of wire is higher than the apparent size of sun, otherwise (as shown in Fig. 3b) the PV module is placed only in penumbra
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