Abstract
Thrombopoietin (Thpo) is a hematopoietic cytokine that regulates the production of megakaryocyte/platelet lineage cells and maintains hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). While Thpo directly stimulates the proliferation of HSPCs, it also maintains HSCs in quiescence to form a reserve pool of HSCs in the bone marrow. Moreover, Thpo activates mitochondria and induces HSC differentiation to megakaryocyte/platelet lineage cells. Being void of instigating anti-Thpo antibody formation in vivo, the use of Thpo receptor agonists (Mpl agonists) transcends the use of recombinant Thpo in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia. Since its invention, the therapeutic indication of Mpl agonists has extended to the treatment of bone marrow failure in aplastic anemia. As the clinical application of Mpl agonists expands, a detailed investigation of the function and effect of Mpl agonists on physiological HSCs and bone marrow failure is necessary.
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