Abstract
BackgroundTechnology has been increasingly integrated into controlling the decline of cognitive function. It is unclear whether technology-based cognitive and exercise interventions (T-CEIs) could generate synergistic benefits and what components would optimize this effect. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various T-CEIs on cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MethodsIn this study, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and APA PsycInfo from inception to November 4, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of T-CEIs on cognitive function for individuals with MCI. The primary outcome was global cognition. The outcomes were summarized in narrative synthesis and combined using meta-analysis. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were sequentially performed to investigate the effects of each category of interventions and their comparative intervention effectiveness, respectively. Meta-regression was performed to examine the influence of study design and participants’ characteristics on the intervention effectiveness. This systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42023486359). ResultsTwenty-eight studies with 1633 participants were included. The results of pairwise meta-analyses indicated that T-CEIs were superior to active/passive controls in improving global cognition, cognitive shifting, processing speed, working memory, delayed recall, and category fluency (p < 0.05). The results of network meta-analyses indicated that the optimal components in improving global cognition (SUCRA 77.0 %, SMD 0.85, 95 % CI −0.17 to 1.87) and cognitive shifting (SUCRA 92.4 %, SMD 1.57, 95 % CI 0.88–2.25) were cognitive stimulation (CS) combined with mind–body exercise (MBE), while cognitive training combined with MBE was the most beneficial in developing processing speed (SUCRA 88.5 %, SMD 0.68, 95 % CI 0.14–1.22). Meta-regression further suggested that the effects of the tested interventions were independent of the various factors related to study design and participants’ characteristics. ConclusionsT-CEIs are effective in improving global cognition and core subdomains of cognition in individuals with MCI. This review highlights the superior effects of technology-based CS combined with MBE in improving global cognition.
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