Abstract
A field study was carried out in Khan Bani Saad district, Diyala province on 2015 to evaluate bio pesticides viz. Spinosad (Saccharopolyspora spinosa) , BSA3 (Beauveria bassiana) , Mycotal (Lecanecillium muscarium) and using chemical insecticide Hatchi hatchi 15% EC against Potato Leafhopper Empoasca fabae on cowpea. the rate of nymphs and adults population was significantly reduced in treatments Hatchi hatchi (1.8,3.7), Mycotal (3.3,4.7) , Spinosad (3.3,5.6)and BSA3 (3.7,6.4) compared with control (6.4,9.2) respectively. The results was showed that superiority of spinosad treatment in mortality of nymphs of E. fabae to (44.76%) with significant differences from other treatments followed by mycotal (41.31%), and then BSA3, which amounts to (29.77%). Mycotal was showed high mortality in the adults of E. fabae to 50.6% then Spinosad (39.49%) and BSA3 (30.15%) . This study shows that the use of one of these biocides in the field may be sufficient to reduce the numbers of nymphs and adults during the study season.
Highlights
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the microbial pesticide BSA3 (Beauveria bassiana), mycotal (Lecanicillium muscarium) and Spinosad (Saccharopolyspora spinosa) against Potato Leafhopper Empoasca fabae on cowpea
BSA3 (Beauveria bassiana) was obtained from the National Center for Organic Agriculture - Ministry of Agriculture, which was loaded on millet seeds and used at a rate of 4 g / liter of water, the millet seeds were soaked in water for one hour separated from the suspension by muslin cloth and number of spores was calculated in the Hemacytometer which was 1 × 108 spores / mL, added a drop of material (Tween -20) concentration 0.01 to the fungus suspension, which helps to spread spores in the suspension [12]
S. spinosa was recorded higher reduction in population of nymphs 1.5 after 5 and 14 days of spraying whereas B. bassiana 2.0 after 10 days while L.muscariium was superior in reduction of nymphs population to 6.0 and 1.3 after 21 and 30 days from spraying, the rate of population was significantly reduced in treatments Hatchi hatchi 1.8, L. muscariium 3.3, S. spinosa 3.5and B. bassiana 3.7 as compared with control 6.4
Summary
The feeding by the potato leafhopper causes a condition known as “hopper burn”, Injury results in a yellowing at the tip of the leaves, in a V-shaped pattern. Both adults and nymphs are injurious, but nymphs can reduce yields more than twice as much as an equal number of adults. Spinosad is a mixture of spinosyn A and spinosyn D and it’s a secondary metabolite produces by the fermentation from the bacterium, Saccharopolyspora spinosa This product is active against caterpillars, leaf miners, trips, Colorado potato beetle and some borers [11]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the microbial pesticide BSA3 (Beauveria bassiana), mycotal (Lecanicillium muscarium) and Spinosad (Saccharopolyspora spinosa) against Potato Leafhopper Empoasca fabae on cowpea
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