Abstract
BackgroundAncylostomatids (‘hookworms’) are among the most important zoonotic nematode parasites infecting dogs worldwide. Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala are two of the most common hookworm species that infect dogs. Both immature and adult stages of hookworms are voracious blood feeders and can cause death in young dogs before infection can be detected by routine fecal examination. Hence, treatment of both immature and adult stages of hookworms will decrease the risk of important clinical disease in the dog as well as the environmental contamination caused by egg-laying adults, which should reduce the risk of infection for both dogs and humans. The studies presented here were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel, oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™), against induced larval (L4), immature adult (L5) and adult A. caninum, and adult U. stenocephala infections in dogs.MethodsEight negative-controlled, masked, randomized laboratory studies were conducted. Two separate studies were conducted against each of the target parasites and stages. Sixteen or 18 purpose bred dogs, 8 or 9 in each of the two treatment groups, were included in each study. Dogs experimentally infected with the target parasite were dosed once on Day 0 with either placebo tablets or Simparica Trio™ tablets to provide minimum dosages of 1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 24 µg/kg moxidectin and 5.0 mg/kg pyrantel (as pamoate salt). Timing of dosing relative to parasite inoculation allowed for efficacy to be evaluated primarily against the target parasite stage. Worm counts were conducted 7 or 8 days after treatments during necropsy. Efficacy was based on the number of worms recovered at necropsy compared to placebo control.ResultsBased on geometric mean worm counts, efficacy of Simparica Trio™ was ≥ 98.4% against L4 larval stage of A. caninum, ≥ 99.8% against immature adult (L5) A. caninum, and 100% against adult A. caninum and adult U. stenocephala.ConclusionsThese studies confirm the efficacy of a single oral dose of a novel, chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against L4 larval and immature adult (L5) A. caninum, and adult A. caninum and U. stenocephala infections in dogs.
Highlights
Ancylostomatids (‘hookworms’) are among the most important zoonotic nematode parasites infecting dogs worldwide
Of the Simparica TrioTM-treated dogs in Study 1, and only 2 worms were recovered from a single Simparica TrioTMtreated dog in Study 2
Mean worm counts in the Simparica TrioTM groups were significantly lower (12.76 ≤ t(7) ≤ 21.62, P < 0.0001) than those for placebo and resulted in efficacies against L4 larval A. caninum of 100% in Study 1 and 98.4% in Study 2
Summary
Ancylostomatids (‘hookworms’) are among the most important zoonotic nematode parasites infecting dogs worldwide. Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala are two of the most common hookworm species that infect dogs Both immature and adult stages of hookworms are voracious blood feeders and can cause death in young dogs before infection can be detected by routine fecal examination. Treatment of both immature and adult stages of hookworms will decrease the risk of important clinical disease in the dog as well as the environmental contamination caused by egg-laying adults, which should reduce the risk of infection for both dogs and humans. Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Uncinaria stenocephala are the species that most commonly infect dogs [1]. Juvenile hookworms are of special concern since they may cause severe signs in young puppies before infections can be detected by routine fecal examination [2]
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