Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine (MET), termed MET dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer and has been shown to be a very effective therapeutic target. MET restriction (MR) has inhibited the growth of all major cancer types by selectively arresting cancer cells in the late-S/G2 phase, when they also become highly sensitive to cytotoxic agents. Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has been developed to effect MR. The present review describes the efficacy of rMETase on patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of recalcitrant cancer, including the surprising result that rMETase administrated orally can be highly effective.
Highlights
These results suggested that i.p.-Recombinant Methioninase (rMETase) decreases MET in the blood and suppresses the supply of MET to tumors, thereby inhibiting tumor growth
Our laboratory developed Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) that is auxotrophic for Leu–Arg, which prevents it from mounting a continuous infection in normal tissues
We showed using sequential treatment of tumors with S. typhimurium A1-R to decoy quiescent cancer cells to cycle and rMETase to selectively trap the decoyed cancer cells in the S/G2 phase, that subsequent chemotherapy could eradicate tumors in mouse models of human stomach cancer and a metastasis osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model
Summary
Methionine (MET) is an essential amino acid, which is absorbed in the small intestine. The absorbed methionine is used for protein synthesis and converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which plays an important role in DNA methylation and metabolic reactions. S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) during the methylation of DNA, various proteins and other molecules (Figure 1) [1]
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