Efficacy of Posterior and Posterolateral Approach for Decompression and Fusion for Thoracolumbar Tuberculosis

Abstract

Objective: To study the efficacy of the posterior and posterolateral approach in thoracolumbar tuberculosis.
 Material and Methods: 60 patients with thoracolumbar TB spine were enrolled in the study from 2015 to 2021. These patients had single-level disease with low back pain and neurological compromise in lower limbs. The diagnosis was made on an MRI of the spine and elevated ESR levels. All patients were started with antituberculous treatment. The pain was measured on the VAS score, and neurological status was assessed on the ASIA score. Kyphosis angle was calculated on a lateral x-ray of the spine. All patients were operated on by posterior and posterolateral approaches with decompression and fusion. At follow-up, fusion was assessed on every visit by x-ray along with neurological status and pain score.
 Results: The mean age of patients was 45.8 years (25 to 66 years). 59.5% patients achieved radiological fusion on follow-up x-rays. There was a significant improvement in VAS score preoperatively mean and SD6.38 ± 1.24to postoperatively 4.45 ± 1.09. The mean and SD of kyphosis in patients preoperatively was 22.3 ± 3.06 to post-operative 22.3 ± 3.06 with a p-value < 0.05 which shows significant improvement.
 Conclusion: Posterior and posterolateral decompression and fusion of thoracolumbar tuberculosis is a good surgical approach in respect of neurological outcome, correction of kyphosis, and pain improvement.