Efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin and tacrolimus on facial nerve regeneration: an animal study

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin membrane (PRFM), alone and with topical tacrolimus application, on regeneration of the crushed facial nerve (FN). Thirty healthy 7-week-old albino rats were used. The left FN was damaged by crushing in all rats. Three random groups of rats were formed: group 1, untreated; group 2, treated with PRFM; group 3, treated with PRFM plus topical tacrolimus. Functional recovery and histological and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed 4 and 8 weeks later. Anti-S100 was used to detect myelin sheath. At 4 weeks, blinking reflex recovery was more rapid in group 3 than in groups 2 and 1 (4.30 ± 0.48, 3.40 ± 0.52, and 2.20 ± 0.42, respectively); the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Histologically, group 3 showed more apparent normal FN structures than the other groups. Immunohistochemical caspase-3 evaluation of the axon area revealed a significant difference between group 2 (PRFM alone; 8.67 ± 0.029) and group 3 (PRFM plus topical tacrolimus; 4.42 ± 0.028) (P = 0.001). Group 3 showed the greatest positive staining in the myelin sheath. Based on the results of this animal study, clinical studies should be performed to determine whether the combination of PRF and tacrolimus also improves the outcome of nerve regeneration in humans.