Abstract
To prevent diarrhea in suckling piglets infected by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) vaccines are administered mainly through intramuscular (IM) or oral routes. We found that growing pigs vaccinated with an inactivated PEDV vaccine via the intradermal (ID) route had higher neutralizing antibody titers and cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10) levels than non-vaccinated pigs. In addition, suckling piglets acquired lactogenic immunity from pregnant sows inoculated with an ID PED vaccine. We evaluated the efficacy of vaccination via this route, along with subsequent protection against virulent PEDV. At six days post-challenge, the survival rate of suckling piglets exposed to virulent PEDV was 70% for the ID group and 0% for the mock group (no vaccine). At necropsy, villi length in the duodenum and ileum of piglets with lactogenic immunity provided by ID-vaccinated sows proved to be significant (p < 0.05) when compared with those in piglets from mock group sows. Thus, vaccination using an inactivated PED vaccine via the ID route provides partial protection against infection by virulent PEDV.
Highlights
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly infectious and contagious enteric disease of swine [1]
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the causative agent of PED, is an RNA virus belonging to the alpha genus of the coronavirus family [3]
Levels of PEDV-specific sIgA antibody in colostrum and milk are key to determining the extent of passive immunity against virulent PEDV infection afforded to piglets [1]
Summary
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly infectious and contagious enteric disease of swine [1]. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the causative agent of PED, is an RNA virus belonging to the alpha genus of the coronavirus family [3]. Pregnant sows on pig farms in Korea have received a live attenuated oral PED vaccine to increase production of IgA and IgG antibodies; the initial vaccination is followed by two additional doses of the inactivated PED vaccine. This strategy is aimed at providing piglets with high levels of sIgA and IgG via colostrum and milk
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