Abstract
Broomrape parasitism on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the most destructive factor for this crop in Egypt. Pot experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 to study the mitigation of broomrape stress on faba bean using a ten-fold dilution of 10% (w/v) spent mushroom substrate extract (SMSE) of Pleurotus ostreatus and the same dilution of culture filtrate of mushroom (MCF) grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) at a rate of 48 l hectare−1 compared with the commercial herbicide Roundup (Glyphosate 48% emulsifiable concentrate) at a rate of 144 cm3 ha−1 on the two varieties (Misr3 and Sakha3) cultivated in broomrape-infested soil. The treatments include the use of mushroom products as foliar spray and/or soil amendment in addition to Roundup spraying as a recommended treatment. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) spectroscopy, our results indicate that the major components of the two mushroom products were bioactive compounds such as polyphenol and high molecular weight aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons that may interfere with parasite and host metabolism. These results indicated that SMSE of P. ostreatus and MCF of the same mushroom grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) gave the best control of broomrape, and increased plant height, root length, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, relative water content and seed yield (g plant−1), as well as anatomical characters of leaves in the two faba bean varieties (Misr3 and Sakha3), such as upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue and vascular bundles. Additionally, electrolyte leakage was decreased in the treated plants compared to control plants and the plants treated with Roundup (glyphosate) because of the important role of SMSE and MCF in the improvement of faba bean water status.
Highlights
Faba bean is one of the most important food crops worldwide, especially in Egypt, the area of cultivation has shrunk in the last two decades from 178,531 hectares in 1991 to 32,532 hectares in2017
Since the primary stages of infection take place underground, injury to the host plant occurs before the emergence of the parasite shoots, which hinders the discovery of infection and the development of effective control strategies
Our results indicated that seed yield (g/plant), straw yield (g/plant) and 100-seed (g) significantly decreased in infested untreated faba bean plants
Summary
Faba bean is one of the most important food crops worldwide, especially in Egypt, the area of cultivation has shrunk in the last two decades from 178,531 hectares in 1991 to 32,532 hectares in2017. Broomrapes (Orobanche sp.) are a root hollow-parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and exclusively depending on the specific host plant for nutrition [3] They parasitize a wide range of plant species, including leguminous, solanaceous, oil plants, cruciferous in addition to medicinal plants [3]. Anatomical characters of stems, such as stem diameter and vascular cylinder, were decreased in infested faba bean plants compared with un-infested control plants These negative effects of broomrape parasitization threaten the income of the farmers [3]. A single Orobanche plant can produce more than 500,000 seeds, which can maintain its viability for about 20 years in the soil This offers the parasite a wide diverse genetic pool which enables broomrape to withstand environmental changes and control strategies [6]. For all the previous reasons, the available control strategies against broomrapes have not introduced applicable, effective and economical solutions as predicted [7,8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
