Abstract
We investigate the practical realization of energy beamforming gains in the downlink wireless power transfer from a massive antenna radio frequency (RF) source to multiple single antenna energy harvesting (EH) users. Assuming channel reciprocity for the uplink and downlink channels undergoing Rician fading, we first obtain the least-squares and linear-minimum-mean-square-error channel estimates using the energy-constrained pilot signal transmission from EH users. Due to the usage of low cost hardware at the users and for realizing massive antenna system at the RF source, these estimates are strongly influenced by the transmitter and receiver in-phase-and-quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI). Using these channel estimates, we next derive the harvested power at each user by applying the source transmit precoding that maximizes the sum harvested power among the users. Selected results generated considering practical RF EH system parameters show that IQI and channel estimation errors can lead to about 30% degradation in the sum EH performance.
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